MagnetoWiki - User contributions [en]

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-28T18:19:58Z

Houpt: added stub for walk DSL

==Useful Papers==

see [https://houptlab.org/courses/nor/ NOR papers] on lab website.

==Rat Setup==

===Arena===

external size: 79.2 cm square (not including handles), with 112cm diagonal -- so will fit on a 48" round table.

interior size: 70cm square, with 35cm high walls.

[[File:RatNORArenaSchematic.png|200px|thumb|right|Schematic of arena used for NOR test]]

Place 36x36" sterilization wrap from Schein for substrate. [https://www.henryschein.com/us-en/dental/p/infection-control-products/instrument-sterilization-processing/csr-wrap/1002016 CSR Wrap 36x36" 100/Bx 1002016EZ | Henry Schein Inc. - 849]

Constructed from [https://8020.net 8020] materials.

===Objects===

By having 4 unique toys, should be able to do 2 tests on each rat: a short-term test (e.g. 1 hour post-training) and a long-term test (e.g. 24 hours post-training), with 2 different pairs of toys.

All the toys are approximately the same size, and all are made of similar red rubber (the SHITEC mushroom is a slightly lighter shade of red than the Kongs).

Kong Classic Dog Toy (large) vs. Kong Jump'N Jack Dog Toy (medium).

''Note that Jump'N Jack has been discontinued.''

Kong Stuff-A-Ball (large0 vs. SHITEC Dog Chew Toy

[[File:Kongs4NOR.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Kongs used for rat NOR test]]

[[File:MoreToys4NOR.jpg|200px|thumb|right|More Toys used for rat NOR test]]

==Video Detection==

[[File:Label_Studio_rat_between_toys.png|200px|thumb|right|Annotation in Label_Studio of rat between two dog toys (Kong and Jack)]]

[[File:Label_Studio_rat_head_nose_interaural.png|200px|thumb|right|Annotation in Label Studio of rat's head and key points at nose and interaural point (poll)]]

==Walk DSL for Analysis==

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-28T18:19:21Z

Houpt: small edits

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-28T18:16:29Z

Houpt: added more toys

==Useful Papers==

see [https://houptlab.org/courses/nor/ NOR papers] on lab website.

==Rat Setup==

===Arena===

external size: 79.2 cm square (not including handles), with 112cm diagonal -- so will fit on a 48" round table.

interior size: 70cm square, with 35cm high walls.

[[File:RatNORArenaSchematic.png|200px|thumb|right|Schematic of arena used for NOR test]]

Place 36x36" sterilization wrap from Schein for substrate. [https://www.henryschein.com/us-en/dental/p/infection-control-products/instrument-sterilization-processing/csr-wrap/1002016 CSR Wrap 36x36" 100/Bx 1002016EZ | Henry Schein Inc. - 849]

Constructed from [8020.net 8020] materials.

===Objects===

By having 4 unique toys, should be able to do 2 tests on each rat: a short-term test (e.g. 1 hour post-training) and a long-term test (e.g. 24 hours post-training), with 2 different pairs of toys.

Kong Classic Dog Toy (large) vs. Kong Jump'N Jack Dog Toy (medium).

''Note that Jump'N Jack has been discontinued.''

Kong Stuff-A-Ball (large0 vs. SHITEC Dog Chew Toy

[[File:Kongs4NOR.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Kongs used for rat NOR test]]

[[File:MoreKongs4NOR.jpg|200px|thumb|right|More Kongs used for rat NOR test]]

==Video Detection==

[[File:Label_Studio_rat_between_toys.png|200px|thumb|right|Annotation in Label_Studio of rat between two dog toys (Kong and Jack)]]

[[File:Label_Studio_rat_head_nose_interaural.png|200px|thumb|right|Annotation in Label Studio of rat's head and key points at nose and interaural point (poll)]]

File:MoreToys4NOR.jpg

2026-07-28T18:13:52Z

Houpt: Two more dog toys for use in NOR tests

== Summary ==
Two more dog toys for use in NOR tests

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-07-14T13:59:48Z

Houpt: note on precipitation, update weighing

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline/10% DMSO; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

''Note: Mix with saline on day of injection, otherwise will precipitate overnight.''

* measure 400mg naringin + 120mg 6-azuracil;
* dissolve in 4ml DMSO with heavy vortexing
* slowly add 36 ml sterile injectable 0.9% saline, with frequent vortexing (-> clear light yellow solution)
* filter

Use 10% DMSO in injectable 0.9% saline as vehicle control.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-30), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats weighed and injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SND01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SND02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SND03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SND04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNE Lithium Orotate Inhibitors 2

2026-07-14T13:59:07Z

Houpt:

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]] [[SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline/10% DMSO; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

''Note: Mix with saline on day of injection, otherwise will precipitate overnight.''

* measure 400mg naringin + 120mg 6-azuracil;
* dissolve in '''2ml''' DMSO with heavy vortexing
* slowly add '''38''' ml sterile injectable 0.9% saline, with frequent vortexing (-> clear light yellow solution)
* filter

Use '''5%''' DMSO in injectable 0.9% saline as vehicle control.

''(Note: used only 5% DMSO, while SND used 10% DMSO)''

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNE
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-7-7
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-6-23), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-4-27), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-7-7)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-7-8 thru 2026-7-13)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-7-14)

-30 min (~930): rats weighed and injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SNE01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SNE02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SNE03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SNE04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-7-15 through 2026-7-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNE Lithium Orotate Inhibitors 2

2026-07-14T13:58:18Z

Houpt: updated DMSO, weighing, some dates

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]] [[SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline/10% DMSO; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

* measure 400mg naringin + 120mg 6-azuracil;
* dissolve in '''2ml''' DMSO with heavy vortexing
* slowly add '''38''' ml sterile injectable 0.9% saline, with frequent vortexing (-> clear light yellow solution)
* filter

Use '''5%''' DMSO in injectable 0.9% saline as vehicle control.

''(Note: used only 5% DMSO, while SND used 10% DMSO)''

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNE
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-7-7
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-6-23), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-4-27), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-7-7)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-7-8 thru 2026-7-13)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-7-14)

-30 min (~930): rats weighed and injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SNE01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SNE02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SNE03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SNE04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-7-15 through 2026-7-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNE Lithium Orotate Inhibitors 2

2026-07-12T22:52:25Z

Houpt: /* Agenda */ added dob

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]] [[SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline/10% DMSO; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

* measure 400mg naringin + 120mg 6-azuracil;
* dissolve in 4ml DMSO with heavy vortexing
* slowly add 36 ml sterile injectable 0.9% saline, with frequent vortexing (-> clear light yellow solution)
* filter

Use 10% DMSO in injectable 0.9% saline as vehicle control.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNE
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-7-7
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-6-23), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-4-27), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-7-7)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-7-8 thru 2026-6-13)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-7-14)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SNE01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SNE02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SNE03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SNE04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-7-15 through 2026-7-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-07-12T22:43:48Z

Houpt: formatting tweak

It is something of an open question as to whether lithium orotate (LiOr) dissociates in solution (free Li+ and the base orotate), or whether it remains as an metalorganic complex.

This should be approachable by measuring 3 characteristics of LiOr solutions:

1. conductivity -- higher conductance implies free ions

2. osmolality -- higher osmolality implies dissociation

3. free Li+ concentration -- Li-selective electrode will detect Li+ if dissociated, but not in LiOr complex.

==Conductivity==

From Aron 2025 et al:

Conductivity measurements
To measure the conductivity of Li salts, the salts were dissolved in water
to achieve Li concentrations of 4.3 mEq l−1, 430 μEq l−1, 43 μEq l−1 or
21.5 μEq l−1 in each case. Conductivity was measured using an ST300C
conductivity meter (OHAUS, 83033964) equipped with a STCON7
electrode (OHAUS, 30080693) calibrated with potassium chloride
conductivity standards. For each lithium salt, three independent solu-
tion replicates (n = 3) were prepared. Conductivity values are reported
in μS per cm at 25 °C.

==Free Li+ Concentration==

[https://www.ntsensors.com/lithium-ion-selective-electrode/ NT Sensors Li ISE]

==Osmolality==

[https://faculty.smcm.edu/wihatch/courses/436web/436resources/osmoWescore5520.html Wescor Vapro 5520 osmometer]

==Test Solutions==

Make mixtures of LiCl, Li2CO3, and LiOr and several "physiological" solutions. Measure free Li+ with electrode. For Tris and plasma, also measure osmolality.

===Tris===

Tris-LiCl, Tris-LiOH, Tris-LiOH-Orotate (across concentration and pH ranges)

===Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)===

Li+ electrode cannot function at low pH (~2.0) of SGF, so need to neutralize mixtures with sodium bicarbonate (NaCH03). Assay free Li+ when added before or after neutralization.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

SGF-LiCl -> + NaHC03, SGF-Tris-LiOr -> + NaHC03, SGF -> + NaHC03 + LiCl, SGF -> + NaHC03 + Tris-LiOr

===Rat plasma===

Blood taken from terminal cardiac puncture, heparinized, plasma separated and frozen at -20° C.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

plasma-LiCl, plasma-Li2CO3, plasma-LiOr

===Artificial Urine (AU)===

Artificial urine prepared according to DIN EN 1616:1999, from Pickering Laboratories (Mountain View, USA).

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

AU-LiCl, AU-Li2CO3, AU-LiOr

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-07-12T22:42:40Z

Houpt: added para on Aron paper

It is something of an open question as to whether lithium orotate (LiOr) dissociates in solution (free Li+ and the base orotate), or whether it remains as an metalorganic complex.

This should be approachable by measuring 3 characteristics of LiOr solutions:

1. conductivity -- higher conductance implies free ions

2. osmolality -- higher osmolality implies dissociation

3. free Li+ concentration -- Li-selective electrode will detect Li+ if dissociated, but not in LiOr complex.

==Conductivity==

From Aron 2025 et al:

Conductivity measurements
To measure the conductivity of Li salts, the salts were dissolved in water
to achieve Li concentrations of 4.3 mEq l−1, 430 μEq l−1, 43 μEq l−1 or
21.5 μEq l−1 in each case. Conductivity was measured using an ST300C
conductivity meter (OHAUS, 83033964) equipped with a STCON7
electrode (OHAUS, 30080693) calibrated with potassium chloride
conductivity standards. For each lithium salt, three independent solu-
tion replicates (n = 3) were prepared. Conductivity values are reported
in μS per cm at 25 °C.

==Free Li+ Concentration==

[https://www.ntsensors.com/lithium-ion-selective-electrode/ NT Sensors Li ISE]

==Osmolality==

[https://faculty.smcm.edu/wihatch/courses/436web/436resources/osmoWescore5520.html Wescor Vapro 5520 osmometer]

==Test Solutions==

Make mixtures of LiCl, Li2CO3, and LiOr and several "physiological" solutions. Measure free Li+ with electrode. For Tris and plasma, also measure osmolality.

===1. Tris===

Tris-LiCl, Tris-LiOH, Tris-LiOH-Orotate (across concentration and pH ranges)

===2. Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)===

Li+ electrode cannot function at low pH (~2.0) of SGF, so need to neutralize mixtures with sodium bicarbonate (NaCH03). Assay free Li+ when added before or after neutralization.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

SGF-LiCl -> + NaHC03, SGF-Tris-LiOr -> + NaHC03, SGF -> + NaHC03 + LiCl, SGF -> + NaHC03 + Tris-LiOr

===3. Rat plasma===

Blood taken from terminal cardiac puncture, heparinized, plasma separated and frozen at -20° C.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

plasma-LiCl, plasma-Li2CO3, plasma-LiOr

===4. Artificial Urine (AU)===

Artificial urine prepared according to DIN EN 1616:1999, from Pickering Laboratories (Mountain View, USA).

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

AU-LiCl, AU-Li2CO3, AU-LiOr

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-07-09T15:20:31Z

Houpt: added yolo detection note

Pilot to test [[Novel Object Recognition]] (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot
| project = Memory
| code = SNB
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Abreu-Price, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-22
| type = CTA
| drugs = NA
| data = NA
}}

== People ==

Julia Abreu-Price

==Agenda==

NOB01-06, Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River), DOB 2026-4-12, arrived 2026-6-9, housed in BRF169.

All arena tests run in BRF115.

===Habituation phase (2026-6-22,23,24)===

For each rat, once per day for 3 consecutive days:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

===Training (2026-6-25)===

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 2 identical toys (i.e. 2 x kong or 2 x jack) in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 3 (THREE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
*wash toys in soapy water and rinse
* repeat for each rat, alternating toys:

* 2 x Kong: NOB01,NOB03,NOB05
* 2 x Jack: NOB2,NOB4,NOB6

===Testing (2026-6-25)===

At 60 min (ONE HOUR) after training, repeat test with 2 different toys:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 1 kong and 1 jack in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169 (don't weigh rat again)
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 3 (THREE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
* repeat for each rat, alternating position of jack and kong.

==Analysis==

===Yolo Dectection (2026-7-9)===

yolo-detect.py run on NOB Training and Test movies, using pose model from 2026-7-6.

[[Category:Memory]]

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-09T15:06:03Z

Houpt: added link to lab website

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-09T14:43:13Z

Houpt: typo

==Rat Setup==

===Arena===

external size: 79.2 cm square (not including handles), with 112cm diagonal -- so will fit on a 48" round table.

interior size: 70cm square, with 35cm high walls.

[[File:RatNORArenaSchematic.png|200px|thumb|left|Schematic of arena used for NOR test]]

Place 36x36" sterilization wrap from Schein for substrate. [https://www.henryschein.com/us-en/dental/p/infection-control-products/instrument-sterilization-processing/csr-wrap/1002016 CSR Wrap 36x36" 100/Bx 1002016EZ | Henry Schein Inc. - 849]

Constructed from [8020.net 8020] materials.

===Objects===

Kong Classic Dog Toy (large) vs. Kong Jump'N Jack Dog Toy (medium).

''Note that Jump'N Jack has been discontinued.''

[[File:Kongs4NOR.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Kongs used for rat NOR test]]

==Video Detection==

[[File:Label_Studio_rat_between_toys.png|200px|thumb|left|Annotation in Label_Studio of rat between two dog toys (Kong and Jack)]]

[[File:Label_Studio_rat_head_nose_interaural.png|200px|thumb|left|Annotation in Label Studio of rat's head and key points at nose and interaural point (poll)]]

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-09T14:42:51Z

Houpt: addedd some label-studio images

==Rat Setup==

===Arena===

external size: 79.2 cm square (not including handles), with 112cm diagonal -- so will fit on a 48" round table.

interior size: 70cm square, with 35cm high walls.

[[File:RatNORArenaSchematic.png|200px|thumb|left|Schematic of arena used for NOR test]]

Place 36x36" sterilization wrap from Schein for substrate. [https://www.henryschein.com/us-en/dental/p/infection-control-products/instrument-sterilization-processing/csr-wrap/1002016 CSR Wrap 36x36" 100/Bx 1002016EZ | Henry Schein Inc. - 849]

Constructed from [8020.net 8020] materials.

===Objects===

Kong Classic Dog Toy (large) vs. Kong Jump'N Jack Dog Toy (medium).

''Note that Jump'N Jack has been discontinued.''

[[File:Kongs4NOR.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Kongs used for rat NOR test]]

==Video Detection==

[[File:File:Label_Studio_rat_between_toys.png|200px|thumb|left|Annotation in Label_Studio of rat between two dog toys (Kong and Jack)]]

[[File:File:Label_Studio_rat_head_nose_interaural.png|200px|thumb|left|Annotation in Label Studio of rat's head and key points at nose and interaural point (poll)]]

File:Label Studio rat head nose interaural.png

2026-07-09T14:00:00Z

Houpt: Annotation in Label Studio of rat's head and key points at nose and interaural point (poll)

== Summary ==
Annotation in Label Studio of rat's head and key points at nose and interaural point (poll)

File:Label Studio rat between toys.png

2026-07-09T13:57:44Z

Houpt: Annotation in Label_Studio of rat between two dog toys (Kong and Jack)

== Summary ==
Annotation in Label_Studio of rat between two dog toys (Kong and Jack)

Novel Object Recognition

2026-07-09T13:56:23Z

Houpt: added arena schematic

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-07-09T13:54:17Z

Houpt: fixed training/test times

Pilot to test [[Novel Object Recognition]] (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot
| project = Memory
| code = SNB
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Abreu-Price, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-22
| type = CTA
| drugs = NA
| data = NA
}}

== People ==

Julia Abreu-Price

==Agenda==

NOB01-06, Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River), DOB 2026-4-12, arrived 2026-6-9, housed in BRF169.

All arena tests run in BRF115.

===Habituation phase (2026-6-22,23,24)===

For each rat, once per day for 3 consecutive days:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

===Training (2026-6-25)===

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 2 identical toys (i.e. 2 x kong or 2 x jack) in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 3 (THREE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
*wash toys in soapy water and rinse
* repeat for each rat, alternating toys:

* 2 x Kong: NOB01,NOB03,NOB05
* 2 x Jack: NOB2,NOB4,NOB6

===Testing (2026-6-25)===

At 60 min (ONE HOUR) after training, repeat test with 2 different toys:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 1 kong and 1 jack in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169 (don't weigh rat again)
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 3 (THEE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
* repeat for each rat, alternating position of jack and kong.

==Analysis==

[[Category:Memory]]

Lithium Salts

2026-07-07T23:13:43Z

Houpt: fixed Na mg/L

MW of lithium: 6.94 (weighted average of Li6 and Li7 isotopes)

For conditioned taste aversion experiments in rats, we use a "standard" dose of LiCl of 76 mg/kg, administered as 12 ml/kg of 0.15 M LiCl. The rat dose is based on early work of Nachman and Asche 1973 PMID 4697023, who found this to be the minimum dose to induce a maximum CTA (i.e. after 1 pairingof sucrose with 76 mg/kg LiCl, rats showed nearly zero preference for sucrose the next day).

Mice appear somewhat resistant, and require either 20 ml/kg (127 mg/kg) or 40 ml/kg (254 mg/kg) LiCl.

We are also interested in the effects of other lithium salts, in particular lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium orotate (LiH3N2O4; LiOr). This table helps convert molarity and dose of lithium of the different salts for equivalent doses of Li:

<tab class="wikitable" sep="tab" border = "1" cellspacing="3" cellpadding = "3" head = top>
Salt MW % Li g/L for 0.15M mg Li/L dose ml 0.15M/kg mg salt/kg mg Li/kg
NaCl 58.44 (0.39 Na) 8.8 (3448 Na) 12 105.19 (41.4 Na)
NaOr 178.08 (0.13 Na) 26.71 (3448 Na) 12 320.54 (41.4 Na)
LiOH 23.95 0.29 3.6 1041 na na na
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 1041 12 76.30 12.5
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 1041 20 127.17 41.6
Li2CO3 73.89 0.19 11.08 2082 12 66.54 12.5
LiOr 162.00 0.04 24.31 1041 12 291.79 12.5
</tab>

''note that 0.15M Li2CO3 is 0.45 Osm; 0.1M Li2CO3 is isotonic''

== LiOr Preparation ==

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352: LiOr was synthesized by combining lithium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich), and orotic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 1:1 M ratio in distilled water; the NaCl concentration was adjusted to 0.9% and pH to 7.4. Doses were administered as 0.1 ml/10g BW (10 ml/kg), with the highest dose of 15 mg/kg Li+ => 375 mg/kg LiOr => 230 mM (NB: not sure how they got this much to dissolve in water)

[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/o2750 orotic acid, Sigma Aldrich O2750-10G ($62.01)] CAS 65-86-1, MW 156.10

[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigald/545856 lithium hydroxide, powder, reagent grade >= 98%, 545856-100G ($45.45)] CAS 1310-65-2, MW 23.95

sodium hydroxide, CAS 1310-73-2, MW 40

* Make 500 ml of 0.15M LiOH (1.80 g LiOH / 500ml dH20).

* Make 500 ml of 0.15M NaOH (3.00 g NaOH / 500ml dH20).

* Make 20 ml of 0.15M LiOr by adding 0.47 g orotic acid to 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, vortex: partially dissolved after about 2 min of vortexing -- but soon precipiates out

* So dissolve in 0.3M TrisAmino...

* Make 20 ml of 0.15M NaOr by adding 0.47 g orotic acid to 20 ml of 0.15M NaOH, vortex: did NOT dissolve -- milky white suspension! Left shaking overnight...

Also from Pacholko 2023: in mice, 100 mg/kg naringin (inhibitor of Organic anion transporting polypeptides
(OATPs) OATP1A2/Oatp1a1/Oatp1a4) and/or 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (inhibitor of uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), which decarboxylases orotic acid) delivered via IP injection (both dissolved in isotonic saline).

== Milliequivalents ==
Clincial literature often refers to milliequivalents (mEq) of lithium salts. A milliequivalent is the millimoles of positive charge, so for monovalent ions like Na+ and Li+, 1 mEq = 1 mmol.

== Osmolarity ==

NaCl and LiCl at low concentrations dissociate almost completely, so 0.15M NaCl or 0.15M LiCl are essentially 0.3 OsM (Citation needed).

LiCO should also dissociate completely (citation needed).

LiOr, however is more tightly bound complex (citation needed). So may need to mix up LiOr in 0.15 NaCl to preserve osmolarity.

Lithium Salts

2026-07-07T23:11:51Z

Houpt: fixed mg/L calculation

MW of lithium: 6.94 (weighted average of Li6 and Li7 isotopes)

For conditioned taste aversion experiments in rats, we use a "standard" dose of LiCl of 76 mg/kg, administered as 12 ml/kg of 0.15 M LiCl. The rat dose is based on early work of Nachman and Asche 1973 PMID 4697023, who found this to be the minimum dose to induce a maximum CTA (i.e. after 1 pairingof sucrose with 76 mg/kg LiCl, rats showed nearly zero preference for sucrose the next day).

Mice appear somewhat resistant, and require either 20 ml/kg (127 mg/kg) or 40 ml/kg (254 mg/kg) LiCl.

We are also interested in the effects of other lithium salts, in particular lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium orotate (LiH3N2O4; LiOr). This table helps convert molarity and dose of lithium of the different salts for equivalent doses of Li:

<tab class="wikitable" sep="tab" border = "1" cellspacing="3" cellpadding = "3" head = top>
Salt MW % Li g/L for 0.15M mg Li/L dose ml 0.15M/kg mg salt/kg mg Li/kg
NaCl 58.44 (0.39 Na) 8.8 (3 Na) 12 105.19 (41.4 Na)
NaOr 178.08 (0.13 Na) 26.71 (3 Na) 12 320.54 (41.4 Na)
LiOH 23.95 0.29 3.6 1041 na na na
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 1041 12 76.30 12.5
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 1041 20 127.17 41.6
Li2CO3 73.89 0.19 11.08 2082 12 66.54 12.5
LiOr 162.00 0.04 24.31 1041 12 291.79 12.5
</tab>

''note that 0.15M Li2CO3 is 0.45 Osm; 0.1M Li2CO3 is isotonic''

== LiOr Preparation ==

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352: LiOr was synthesized by combining lithium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich), and orotic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 1:1 M ratio in distilled water; the NaCl concentration was adjusted to 0.9% and pH to 7.4. Doses were administered as 0.1 ml/10g BW (10 ml/kg), with the highest dose of 15 mg/kg Li+ => 375 mg/kg LiOr => 230 mM (NB: not sure how they got this much to dissolve in water)

[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/o2750 orotic acid, Sigma Aldrich O2750-10G ($62.01)] CAS 65-86-1, MW 156.10

[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigald/545856 lithium hydroxide, powder, reagent grade >= 98%, 545856-100G ($45.45)] CAS 1310-65-2, MW 23.95

sodium hydroxide, CAS 1310-73-2, MW 40

* Make 500 ml of 0.15M LiOH (1.80 g LiOH / 500ml dH20).

* Make 500 ml of 0.15M NaOH (3.00 g NaOH / 500ml dH20).

* Make 20 ml of 0.15M LiOr by adding 0.47 g orotic acid to 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, vortex: partially dissolved after about 2 min of vortexing -- but soon precipiates out

* So dissolve in 0.3M TrisAmino...

* Make 20 ml of 0.15M NaOr by adding 0.47 g orotic acid to 20 ml of 0.15M NaOH, vortex: did NOT dissolve -- milky white suspension! Left shaking overnight...

Also from Pacholko 2023: in mice, 100 mg/kg naringin (inhibitor of Organic anion transporting polypeptides
(OATPs) OATP1A2/Oatp1a1/Oatp1a4) and/or 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (inhibitor of uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), which decarboxylases orotic acid) delivered via IP injection (both dissolved in isotonic saline).

== Milliequivalents ==
Clincial literature often refers to milliequivalents (mEq) of lithium salts. A milliequivalent is the millimoles of positive charge, so for monovalent ions like Na+ and Li+, 1 mEq = 1 mmol.

== Osmolarity ==

NaCl and LiCl at low concentrations dissociate almost completely, so 0.15M NaCl or 0.15M LiCl are essentially 0.3 OsM (Citation needed).

LiCO should also dissociate completely (citation needed).

LiOr, however is more tightly bound complex (citation needed). So may need to mix up LiOr in 0.15 NaCl to preserve osmolarity.

Lithium Salts

2026-07-07T23:06:25Z

Houpt: add mg/L to match lithium ISE readings

MW of lithium: 6.94 (weighted average of Li6 and Li7 isotopes)

For conditioned taste aversion experiments in rats, we use a "standard" dose of LiCl of 76 mg/kg, administered as 12 ml/kg of 0.15 M LiCl. The rat dose is based on early work of Nachman and Asche 1973 PMID 4697023, who found this to be the minimum dose to induce a maximum CTA (i.e. after 1 pairingof sucrose with 76 mg/kg LiCl, rats showed nearly zero preference for sucrose the next day).

Mice appear somewhat resistant, and require either 20 ml/kg (127 mg/kg) or 40 ml/kg (254 mg/kg) LiCl.

We are also interested in the effects of other lithium salts, in particular lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium orotate (LiH3N2O4; LiOr). This table helps convert molarity and dose of lithium of the different salts for equivalent doses of Li:

<tab class="wikitable" sep="tab" border = "1" cellspacing="3" cellpadding = "3" head = top>
Salt MW % Li g/L for 0.15M mg Li/L dose ml 0.15M/kg mg salt/kg mg Li/kg
NaCl 58.44 (0.39 Na) 8.8 (3 Na) 12 105.19 (41.4 Na)
NaOr 178.08 (0.13 Na) 26.71 (3 Na) 12 320.54 (41.4 Na)
LiOH 23.95 0.29 3.6 1044 na na na
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 1016 12 76.30 12.5
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 1016 20 127.17 41.6
Li2CO3 73.89 0.19 11.08 2105 12 66.54 12.5
LiOr 162.00 0.04 24.31 972 12 291.79 12.5
</tab>

''note that 0.15M Li2CO3 is 0.45 Osm; 0.1M Li2CO3 is isotonic''

== LiOr Preparation ==

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352: LiOr was synthesized by combining lithium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich), and orotic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 1:1 M ratio in distilled water; the NaCl concentration was adjusted to 0.9% and pH to 7.4. Doses were administered as 0.1 ml/10g BW (10 ml/kg), with the highest dose of 15 mg/kg Li+ => 375 mg/kg LiOr => 230 mM (NB: not sure how they got this much to dissolve in water)

[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/o2750 orotic acid, Sigma Aldrich O2750-10G ($62.01)] CAS 65-86-1, MW 156.10

[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigald/545856 lithium hydroxide, powder, reagent grade >= 98%, 545856-100G ($45.45)] CAS 1310-65-2, MW 23.95

sodium hydroxide, CAS 1310-73-2, MW 40

* Make 500 ml of 0.15M LiOH (1.80 g LiOH / 500ml dH20).

* Make 500 ml of 0.15M NaOH (3.00 g NaOH / 500ml dH20).

* Make 20 ml of 0.15M LiOr by adding 0.47 g orotic acid to 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, vortex: partially dissolved after about 2 min of vortexing -- but soon precipiates out

* So dissolve in 0.3M TrisAmino...

* Make 20 ml of 0.15M NaOr by adding 0.47 g orotic acid to 20 ml of 0.15M NaOH, vortex: did NOT dissolve -- milky white suspension! Left shaking overnight...

Also from Pacholko 2023: in mice, 100 mg/kg naringin (inhibitor of Organic anion transporting polypeptides
(OATPs) OATP1A2/Oatp1a1/Oatp1a4) and/or 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (inhibitor of uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), which decarboxylases orotic acid) delivered via IP injection (both dissolved in isotonic saline).

== Milliequivalents ==
Clincial literature often refers to milliequivalents (mEq) of lithium salts. A milliequivalent is the millimoles of positive charge, so for monovalent ions like Na+ and Li+, 1 mEq = 1 mmol.

== Osmolarity ==

NaCl and LiCl at low concentrations dissociate almost completely, so 0.15M NaCl or 0.15M LiCl are essentially 0.3 OsM (Citation needed).

LiCO should also dissociate completely (citation needed).

LiOr, however is more tightly bound complex (citation needed). So may need to mix up LiOr in 0.15 NaCl to preserve osmolarity.

SNE Lithium Orotate Inhibitors 2

2026-07-07T17:06:46Z

Houpt: created

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]] [[SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline/10% DMSO; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

* measure 400mg naringin + 120mg 6-azuracil;
* dissolve in 4ml DMSO with heavy vortexing
* slowly add 36 ml sterile injectable 0.9% saline, with frequent vortexing (-> clear light yellow solution)
* filter

Use 10% DMSO in injectable 0.9% saline as vehicle control.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNE
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-7-7
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNE Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (XXXX), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b XXX), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-7-7)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-7-8 thru 2026-6-13)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-7-14)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SNE01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SNE02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SNE03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SNE04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-7-15 through 2026-7-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-06-28T18:51:04Z

Houpt:

It is something of an open question as to whether lithium orotate (LiOr) dissociates in solution (free Li+ and the base orotate), or whether it remains as an metalorganic complex.

This should be approachable by measuring 3 characteristics of LiOr solutions:

1. conductance -- higher conductance implies free ions

2. osmolality -- higher osmolality implies dissociation

3. free Li+ concentration -- Li-selective electrode will detect Li+ if dissociated, but not in LiOr complex.

==Free Li+ Concentration==

[https://www.ntsensors.com/lithium-ion-selective-electrode/ NT Sensors Li ISE]

==Osmolality==

[https://faculty.smcm.edu/wihatch/courses/436web/436resources/osmoWescore5520.html Wescor Vapro 5520 osmometer]

==Test Solutions==

Make mixtures of LiCl, Li2CO3, and LiOr and several "physiological" solutions. Measure free Li+ with electrode. For Tris and plasma, also measure osmolality.

===1. Tris===

Tris-LiCl, Tris-LiOH, Tris-LiOH-Orotate (across concentration and pH ranges)

===2. Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)===

Li+ electrode cannot function at low pH (~2.0) of SGF, so need to neutralize mixtures with sodium bicarbonate (NaCH03). Assay free Li+ when added before or after neutralization.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

SGF-LiCl -> + NaHC03, SGF-Tris-LiOr -> + NaHC03, SGF -> + NaHC03 + LiCl, SGF -> + NaHC03 + Tris-LiOr

===3. Rat plasma===

Blood taken from terminal cardiac puncture, heparinized, plasma separated and frozen at -20° C.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

plasma-LiCl, plasma-Li2CO3, plasma-LiOr

===4. Artificial Urine (AU)===

Artificial urine prepared according to DIN EN 1616:1999, from Pickering Laboratories (Mountain View, USA).

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

AU-LiCl, AU-Li2CO3, AU-LiOr

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-06-28T01:07:40Z

Houpt: add some potential test solutions

It is something of an open question as to whether lithium orotate (LiOr) dissociates in solution (free Li+ and the base orotate), or whether it remains as an metalorganic complex.

This should be approachable by measuring 3 characteristics of LiOr solutions:

1. conductance -- higher conductance implies free ions

2. osmolality -- higher osmolality implies dissociation

3. free Li+ concentration -- Li-selective electrode will detect Li+ if dissociated, but not in LiOr complex.

==Free Li+ Concentration==

[https://www.ntsensors.com/lithium-ion-selective-electrode/ NT Sensors Li ISE]

==Osmolality==

[https://faculty.smcm.edu/wihatch/courses/436web/436resources/osmoWescore5520.html Wescor Vapro 5520 osmometer]

==Test Solutions==

Make mixtures of LiCl, Li2CO3, and LiOr and several "physiological" solutions. Measure free Li+ with electrode. For Tris and plasma, also measure osmolality.

===1. Tris===

Tris-LiCl, Tris-LiOH, Tris-LiOH-Orotate (across concentration and pH ranges)

===2. Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)===

Li+ electrode cannot function at low pH (~2.0) of SGF, so need to neutralize mixtures with sodium bicarbonate (NaCH03). Assay free Li+ when added before or after neutralization.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

SGF-LiCl -> + NaHC03, SGF-Tris-LiOr -> + NaHC03, SGF -> + NaHC03 + LiCl, SGF -> + NaHC03 + Tris-LiOr

===3. Rat plasma===

Blood taken from terminal cardiac puncture, heparinized, plasma separated and frozen at -20° C.

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

plasma-LiCl, plasma-Li2CO3, plasma-LiOr

===4. Artificial Urine (AU)===

Artificial urine prepared according to DIN EN 1616:1999, from Pickering Laboratories (Mountain View, USA).

Measure at 37° C, across concentration ranges:

AU-LiCl, AU-Li2CO3, AU-LiOr

===5. Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (aCSF)===

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-06-27T13:38:05Z

Houpt: added experiment box

Pilot to test [[Novel Object Recognition]] (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot
| project = Memory
| code = SNB
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Abreu-Price, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-22
| type = CTA
| drugs = NA
| data = NA
}}

== People ==

Julia Abreu-Price

==Agenda==

NOB01-06, Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River), DOB 2026-4-12, arrived 2026-6-9, housed in BRF169.

All arena tests run in BRF115.

===Habituation phase (2026-6-22,23,24)===

For each rat, once per day for 3 consecutive days:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

===Training (2026-6-25)===

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 2 identical toys (i.e. 2 x kong or 2 x jack) in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 5 (FIVE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
*wash toys in soapy water and rinse
* repeat for each rat, alternating toys:

* 2 x Kong: NOB01,NOB03,NOB05
* 2 x Jack: NOB2,NOB4,NOB6

===Testing (2026-6-25)===

At 60 min (ONE HOUR) after training, repeat test with 2 different toys:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 1 kong and 1 jack in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169 (don't weigh rat again)
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 5 (FIVE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
* repeat for each rat, alternating position of jack and kong.

==Analysis==

[[Category:Memory]]

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-06-25T14:05:07Z

Houpt: /* Training (2026-6-25) */

Pilot to test [[Novel Object Recognition]] (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

==Agenda==

NOB01-11, Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River), DOB 2026-4-12, arrived 2026-6-9.

All arena tests run in BRF115.

===Habituation phase (2026-6-22,23,24)===

For each rat, once per day for 3 consecutive days:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

===Training (2026-6-25)===

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 2 identical toys (i.e. 2 x kong or 2 x jack) in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 5 (FIVE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
*wash toys in soapy water and rinse
* repeat for each rat, alternating toys:

* 2 x Kong: NOB01,03,05
* 2 x Jack: NOB2,NOB4,NOB6

===Testing (2026-6-25)===

At 60 min (ONE HOUR) after training, repeat test with 2 different toys:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 1 kong and 1 jack in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169 (don't weigh rat again)
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 5 (FIVE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
* repeat for each rat, alternating position of jack and kong.

==Analysis==

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-06-25T13:35:26Z

Houpt:

Pilot to test [[Novel Object Recognition]] (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

==Agenda==

NOB01-11, Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River), DOB 2026-4-12, arrived 2026-6-9.

All arena tests run in BRF115.

===Habituation phase (2026-6-22,23,24)===

For each rat, once per day for 3 consecutive days:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

===Training (2026-6-25)===

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 2 identical toys (i.e. 2 x kong or 2 x jack) in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169, weigh rat
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 5 (FIVE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
* repeat for each rat, alternating toys:

* 2 x Kong: NOB01,03,05
* 2 x Jack: NOB2,NOB4,NOB6

===Testing (2026-6-25)===

At 60 min (ONE HOUR) after training, repeat test with 2 different toys:

* wipe down sides of arena with Windex multisurface disinfectant cleaner
* place new wrap under arena
* place 1 kong and 1 jack in corners 20cm away from each wall
* bring rat cage from housing rm BRF169 (don't weigh rat again)
* start video recording on iMac, place rat in arena for 5 (FIVE) minutes
* return to home cage and BRF 169.
* repeat for each rat, alternating position of jack and kong.

==Analysis==

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-06-22T16:55:51Z

Houpt: details

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-06-22T14:17:52Z

Houpt:

Pilot to test [[Novel Object Recognition]] (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

==Habituation phase==

* wipe down sides with Windex multisurface
* new wrap under arena
* weigh rats, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

==Training==

==Testing==

NOB Novel Object Recognition Pilot

2026-06-22T14:16:06Z

Houpt: created page

Pilot to test Novel Object Recognition (NOR) set-up.

(describe arena setup)

==Habituation phase==

* wipe down sides with Windex multisurface
* new wrap under arena
* weigh rats, place in arena for 3 minutes, return to home cage.

==Training==

==Testing==

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-06-20T19:48:14Z

Houpt:

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-06-20T19:47:48Z

Houpt: added osmometer

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-06-20T19:44:37Z

Houpt: add li electrode link

Lithium Orotate Dissociation

2026-06-20T19:41:09Z

Houpt: created page

Label-Studio

2026-06-11T13:05:40Z

Houpt:

https://labelstud.io

== Installation ==
installation to python virtual environment:

python3 -m venv labelstudio-env
source labelstudio-env/bin/activate
pip3 install -U label-studio

run by typing ''label-studio'', it will launch Chrome, and navigate to http://localhost:8080/user/login/

create local account:

username: lab@houptlab.org, pw: novelobject

create project

Label-Studio

2026-06-11T13:04:26Z

Houpt: installation

[https://labelstud.io]

== Installation ==
installation to python virtual environment:

python3 -m venv labelstudio-env
source labelstudio-env/bin/activate
pip3 install -U label-studio

run by typing ''label-studio'', it will launch Chrome, and navigate to [http://localhost:8080/user/login/]

create local account:

username: lab@houptlab.org, pw: novelobject

create project

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-08T17:18:55Z

Houpt: added drug prep

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline/10% DMSO; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

* measure 400mg naringin + 120mg 6-azuracil;
* dissolve in 4ml DMSO with heavy vortexing
* slowly add 36 ml sterile injectable 0.9% saline, with frequent vortexing (-> clear light yellow solution)
* filter

Use 10% DMSO in injectable 0.9% saline as vehicle control.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-30), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SND01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SND02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SND03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SND04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

CS-US Interval

2026-06-04T18:19:53Z

Houpt: added Kimble ref

"The most typical finding has been that the optimal interval is in the quarter-second range on either side of .5 seconds" Kimble 1961

Exceptions to this rule:

KAMIN LJ.Traumatic avoidance learning: the effects of CS-US interval with a trace-conditioning procedure. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1954 Feb;47(1):65-72. PMID 13130735

CHURCH RM, BRUSH FR, SOLOMON RL.Traumatic avoidance learning; the effects of CS-US interval with a delayed-conditioning procedure in a free-responding situation.J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1956 Jun;49(3):301-8. PMID 13332132

BRUSH FR, BRUSH ES, SOLOMON RL. Traumatic avoidance learning: the effects of CS-US interval with a delayed-conditioning procedure. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1955 Aug;48(4):285-93. PMID 13252159

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-04T18:13:16Z

Houpt: formatting groups

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-30), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

* Veh-Veh (SND01,05,09,13)
* NA-Veh (SND02,06,10,14)
* Veh-LiOr (SND03,07,11,15)
* NA-LiOr (SND04,08,12,16)

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-02T17:09:28Z

Houpt: drug molarities

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin MW 580.53 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil MW 113.07 [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin (17mM) + 30 mg/kg 6-azauracil (27mM) dissolved in saline; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-30), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

- Veh-Veh SND01,05,09,13
- NA-Veh SND02,06,10,14
- Veh-LiOr SND03,07,11,15
- NA-LiOr SND04,08,12,16

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-02T17:04:10Z

Houpt: /* Agenda */

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin/30 mg/kg 6-azauracil dissolved in saline; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-30), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1000 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

- Veh-Veh SND01,05,09,13
- NA-Veh SND02,06,10,14
- Veh-LiOr SND03,07,11,15
- NA-LiOr SND04,08,12,16

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-02T17:02:52Z

Houpt: /* Agenda */ update rats DOB, group assignments

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin/30 mg/kg 6-azauracil dissolved in saline; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n=16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-30), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)
30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

- Veh-Veh SND01,05,09,13
- NA-Veh SND02,06,10,14
- Veh-LiOr SND03,07,11,15
- NA-LiOr SND04,08,12,16

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-01T19:44:34Z

Houpt: added reference and doses

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

From Pacholko 2023 PMID 37356352:

naringin [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor

6-azauracil [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor

For injection, combine 100 mg/kg naringin/30 mg/kg 6-azauracil dissolved in saline; in 10 ml/kg i.p. injection.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b XXXXX), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin (100mg/kg) + 6-azauracil (30mg/kg) or saline vehicle, 10 ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)
30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

- Veh-Veh SND01,05,09,13
- Veh-LiOr SND02,06,10,14
- NA-Veh SND03,07,11,15
- NA-LiOr SND04,08,12,16

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-01T19:37:01Z

Houpt:

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

naringin [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor (see Pacholko 2023)

6-azauracil [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor (see Pacholko 2023)

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b XXXXX), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin+6-azauracil (doses XXXX) or saline vehicle, XXXX ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)
30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

- Veh-Veh SND01,05,09,13
- Veh-LiOr SND02,06,10,14
- NA-Veh SND03,07,11,15
- NA-LiOr SND04,08,12,16

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SND Lithium Orotate Inhibitors

2026-06-01T19:36:35Z

Houpt: created page

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]] and [[SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate]]

Test if OAT inhibitor naringin and UMPS inhibitor 6-azauracil decrease effectiveness of lithium orotate (LiOr) in inducing a conditioned taste aversion.

Inject narinign and 6-azauracil 30 min before single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with LiOr.

naringin https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/71162 Sigma 71162-35g] $50.78: organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) inhibitor (see Pacholko 2023)

6-azauracil [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/a1757 Sigma A1757-5g] $99.90: UMPS inhibitor (see Pacholko 2023)

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate Inhibitors
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SND
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-6-2
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SND Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-26), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b XXXXX), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-6-2)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-6-3 thru 2026-6-8)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-6-9)

-30 min (~930): rats injected with naringin+6-azauracil (doses XXXX) or saline vehicle, XXXX ml/kg ip

0 min (~1000): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)
30 min (~1030): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip, or Tris-NaCl vehicle.

Thus, four groups:

- Veh-Veh SND01,05,09,13
- Veh-LiOr SND02,06,10,14
- NA-Veh SND03,07,11,15
- NA-LiOr SND04,08,12,16

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-6-10 through 2026-6-25)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 14 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate

2026-06-01T19:23:03Z

Houpt: tweak

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]].

Test if lithium orotate (LiOr) only induces a conditioned taste aversion if administered contingently with saccaharin (e.g., LiOr must be injected soon after saccharin intake), and no CTA if LiOr injected 6 h before saccharin

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNC
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-5-18
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-5), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-9), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-5-18)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-5-19 thru 2026-5-24)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-5-25)

-6 h (~900): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip (odd-numbered rats)

0 min (~1500): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1530): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip. (even-numbered rats)

all injections made isotonic with TrisAmino:

* 0.3 M TrisAmino
36.34g / liter, autoclave, pH to 7.4 with 38% HCl

* 0.15 M LiOH
3.6g / liter (no need to autoclave)

* LiOr = 75mM LiOrotate, 150mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, 0.47g orotic acid, pH to 7.4 with LiOH, filter

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 12: Preference Tests''' (2026-5-26 through 2026-5-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for at least 4 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate

2026-06-01T19:20:58Z

Houpt: fixed day numbering

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]].

Test if lithium orotate (LiOr) only induces a conditioned taste aversion if administered contingently with saccaharin (e.g., LiOr must be injected soon after saccharin intake), and no CTA if LiOr injected 6 h before saccharin

Single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with isomolar doses of LiCl and LiOr to see if LiOr is more potent.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNC
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-5-18
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-5), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-9), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-5-18)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-5-19 thru 2026-5-24)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 7: Conditioning Day''' (2026-5-25)

-6 h (~900): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip (odd-numbered rats)

0 min (~1500): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1530): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip. (even-numbered rats)

all injections made isotonic with TrisAmino:

* 0.3 M TrisAmino
36.34g / liter, autoclave, pH to 7.4 with 38% HCl

* 0.15 M LiOH
3.6g / liter (no need to autoclave)

* LiOr = 75mM LiOrotate, 150mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, 0.47g orotic acid, pH to 7.4 with LiOH, filter

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 8 - 12: Preference Tests''' (2026-5-26 through 2026-5-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for at least 4 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate

2026-05-23T20:43:43Z

Houpt: /* CTA Conditioning */ added dob, approx clock times for conditioning

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]].

Test if lithium orotate (LiOr) only induces a conditioned taste aversion if administered contingently with saccaharin (e.g., LiOr must be injected soon after saccharin intake), and no CTA if LiOr injected 6 h before saccharin

Single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with isomolar doses of LiCl and LiOr to see if LiOr is more potent.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNC
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-5-18
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-5), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-3-9), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-5-18)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-5-19 thru 2026-5-24)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 1500 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 12: Conditioning Day''' (2026-5-25)

-6 h (~900): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip (odd-numbered rats)

0 min (~1500): all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min (~1530): 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip. (even-numbered rats)

all injections made isotonic with TrisAmino:

* 0.3 M TrisAmino
36.34g / liter, autoclave, pH to 7.4 with 38% HCl

* 0.15 M LiOH
3.6g / liter (no need to autoclave)

* LiOr = 75mM LiOrotate, 150mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, 0.47g orotic acid, pH to 7.4 with LiOH, filter

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 13 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-5-26 through 2026-5-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for at least 4 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNC Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate

2026-05-14T16:17:02Z

Houpt: created page

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]] and [[SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2]].

Test if lithium orotate (LiOr) only induces a conditioned taste aversion if administered contingently with saccaharin (e.g., LiOr must be injected soon after saccharin intake), and no CTA if LiOr injected 6 h before saccharin

Single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with isomolar doses of LiCl and LiOr to see if LiOr is more potent.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Non-Contingent Lithium Orotate
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNC
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-5-18
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNC Raw Data Link]
== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-5-5), n= 12 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2026-XX-XX), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-5-18)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-5-19 thru 2026-5-24)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 900 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 12: Conditioning Day''' (2026-5-25)

-6 h: 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip (odd-numbered rats)

0 min: all rats 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min: 6 rats injected with 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip. (even-numbered rats)

all injections made isotonic with TrisAmino:

* 0.3 M TrisAmino
36.34g / liter, autoclave, pH to 7.4 with 38% HCl

* 0.15 M LiOH
3.6g / liter (no need to autoclave)

* LiOr = 75mM LiOrotate, 150mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, 0.47g orotic acid, pH to 7.4 with LiOH, filter

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 13 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-5-26 through 2026-5-30)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for at least 4 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]

SNB Lithium Orotate CTA 2

2026-03-20T15:12:20Z

Houpt: added pH details

Continuation of [[SNA Lithium Orotate CTA]].

Test if lithium orotate (LiOr) induces a conditioned taste aversion comparable to LiCl, with a lower dose than SNA experiment

Single pairing of saccharin intake (15 min) after 15-min delay with isomolar doses of LiCl and LiOr to see if LiOr is more potent.

{{Infobox experiment|align=right
| Name = Lithium Orotate and CTA pt2
| project = Taste Aversion
| code = SNB
| protocol = 20220000006
| funding = Chair's Fund
| investigators = Nabi, Houpt
| species = rat
| date = 2026-3-13
| type = CTA
| drugs = lithium orotate, lithium chloride
| data = https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNB
}}

== Data ==

[https://houptlab.org/bartab/expt/?id=SNB Raw Data Link]

== People ==

Soheila Nabi

==CTA Conditioning==

===Agenda===

Rats arrive (2026-2-10), n= 16 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River CD, d.o.b 2025-12-15), individually housed in BRF 169.

 

'''Day 0: Water removed''' (2026-3-13)

make labels for bottles.

 

'''Days 1 - 6: Water Restriction''' (2026-3-14 thru 2026-3-19)

Weigh rats daily. ad lib food.

30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 30 min, 15 min water at 900 daily.

1 water bottle, 1 empty bottle to accustom to 2-bottle choice

 

'''Day 12: Conditioning Day''' (2026-3-20)

0 min: 15 min access to 0.125% saccharin (5 g sodium saccharin/4L water)

30 min: rats injected with:

* 75 mM NaCl, 6 ml/kg ip. (SNB01,04,07,10,13)
* 75 mM LiCl, 6 ml/kg ip. (SNB02,05,08,11,14)
* 75 mM LiOr, 6 ml/kg ip. (SNB03,06,09,12,15,16)

all injections made isotonic with TrisAmino:

* 0.3 M TrisAmino
36.34g / liter, autoclave, pH to 7.4 with 38% HCl

* 0.15 M LiOH
3.6g / liter (no need to autoclave)

* 0.15 M LiCl
6.45g / liter, autoclave

* LiOr = 75mM LiOrotate, 150mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M LiOH, 0.47g orotic acid, pH to 7.4 with LiOH, filter

* LiCl = 75mM LiCl, 150mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M LiCl, pH to 7.4 with LiOH, filter

* NaCl = 75mM NaCl, 150 mM TrisAmino
20 ml of 0.3M TrisAmino, 20 ml of 0.15M NaCl, pH to 7.4 with NaOH, filter

Ad lib water returned after final injection overnight.

'''Days 13 - 22: Preference Tests''' (2026-3-21 through 2026-4-1)

Rats CTA acquisition and extinction was measured with 24-h, 2-bottle preference tests. Rats were given 24-h free access to both 0.125% saccharin and water bottles, alternating position for 10 days.

[[Category:Taste Aversion]]
[[Category:CTA Experiments]]