Strong Magnetic Fields

• 5 x 10^-5 T: Earth

• 5 x 10^-3 T: Sun; see NASA web site ref: http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm

• 5 x 10^-3 T: Refrigerator magnet

• 1 T: Neodynium rare-earth magnet: 1 T

• 2-3 T: Typical Hospital MRI

• 4 T: Functional MRI

• 8.4 T: Experimental Human MRI [REF]

• 11-21 T: Experimental Animal MRI

11.7 T used for animal MRI: Beck et al, PMID 11755090

21.1 T used for animal MRI: Fu et al. PMID 16125429

• 45 T: Largest continuous man-made magnet [Ref FSU magnet lab}

• 10^8 T: Neutron Stars [Kouveliotou]

Fields above 10^5 T squeeze elecron orbitals in to cigar shapes

• 10^11 T: Magnetars [Kouveliotou]

• 10^13 T: Upper Limit

"No known objects in the universe can generate and maintain fields stronger than this level." [Kouveliotou]

References:

Kouveliotou, C., Duncan, R. C. Thompson, C. "Magnetars", Scientific American, Feb. 2003 http://solomon.as.utexas.edu/~duncan/sciam.pdf

link to Duncan's website: http://solomon.as.utexas.edu/magnetar.html