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created page for orotate experiment
MW of lithium: 6.94 (weighted average of Li<sup>6</sup> and Li<sup>7</sup> isotopes)
For conditioned taste aversion experiments in rats, we use a "standard" dose of LiCl of 76 mg/kg, administered as 12 ml/kg of 0.15 M LiCl. The rat dose is based on early work of Nachman and Asche 1973 PMID 4697023, who found this to be the minimum dose to induce a maximum CTA (i.e. after 1 pairingof sucrose with 76 mg/kg LiCl, rats showed nearly zero preference for sucrose the next day).
Mice appear somewhat resistant, and require either 20 ml/kg (127 mg/kg) or 40 ml/kg (254 mg/kg) LiCl.
We are also interested in the effects of other lithium salts, in particular lithium carbonate (Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>; LCO) and lithium orotate (LiH<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>; LiOr). This table helps convert molarity and dose of lithium of the different salts for equivalent doses of Li:
<tab class="wikitable" sep="tab" border = "1" cellspacing="3" cellpadding = "3" head = top>
Salt MW % Li g/L for 0.15M dose ml 0.15M/kg mg salt/kg mg Li/kg
NaCl 58.44 (0.39 Na) 8.8 12 105.19 (41.4 Na)
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 12 76.30 12.5
LiCl 42.39 0.16 6.35 20 127.17 41.6
LiCO 73.89 0.19 11.08 12 66.54 12.5
LiOr 162.00 0.04 01.04 12 291.79 12.5
</tab>
== Milliequivalents ==
Clincial literature often refers to milliequivalents (mEq) of lithium salts. A milliequivalent is the millimoles of positive charge, so for monovalent ions like Na+ and Li+, 1 mEq = 1 mmol.
== Osmolarity ==
NaCl and LiCl at low concentrations dissociate almost completely, so 0.15M NaCl or 0.15M LiCl are essentially 0.3 OsM (Citation needed).
LiCO should also dissociate completely (citation needed).
LiOr, however is more tightly bound complex (citation needed). So we'll mix up LiOr in 0.15 NaCl to preserve osmolarity.