Changes

=Auditory US in Human Experiments=

=Auditory US in Human Experiments=

Loud noise is frequently used in aversive conditioning in humans,(e.g. as the US in fear conditioning) in whom the use of traditional pre-clinical USes (e.g. electric shock) would be unethical. Unpleasant sounds (metal scraping on slate) have also been used. [Loud sound was arguably the first US used in human fear conditioning as described by Watson and Rayner in the establishment of a conditioned emotional reaction in Little Albert (1920): a hammer banging on a steel bar (US) was paired with presentation of a white rat (CS)

Loud noise is frequently used in aversive conditioning in humans,(e.g. as the US in fear conditioning) in whom the use of traditional pre-clinical USes (e.g. electric shock) would be unethical. Unpleasant sounds (metal scraping on slate) have also been used. [Loud sound was arguably the first US used in human fear conditioning as described by Watson and Rayner in the establishment of a conditioned emotional reaction in Little Albert (1920): a hammer banging on a steel bar (US) was paired with presentation of a white rat (CS); there is [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxKfpKQzow8 archival film] of Albert's conditioning.

=Audiogenic Seizures=

=Audiogenic Seizures=